UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996, updated 2005)
The UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996) is the foundational international framework for electronic commerce legislation. Developed by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. Adopted or used as a basis for legislation in over 80 countries. Establishes principles of non-discrimination (electronic records not denied legal effect solely because they are electronic), functional equivalence (electronic equivalents of paper-based requirements), and technology neutrality. The 2005 United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts builds on the Model Law.
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Framework Domains (4)
Part I, Chapter I — General Provisions
| Code | Title |
|---|---|
| Art. 1 | Open Finance Implementation |
| Art. 2 | Consent Definition |
| Art. 3 | Objectives of Open Finance |
| Art. 4 | Participating Institutions |
Part I, Chapter II — Application of Legal Requirements to Data Messages
| Code | Title |
|---|---|
| Art. 10 | Consent Requirements |
| Art. 5 | Legal Recognition of Data Messages |
| Art. 5bis | Incorporation by Reference |
| Art. 6 | Writing |
| Art. 7 | Minimum Standards |
| Art. 8 | Data Categories |
| Art. 9 | Free Data Sharing |
Part I, Chapter III — Communication of Data Messages
| Code | Title |
|---|---|
| Art. 11 | Consent Revocation |
| Art. 12 | Data Ownership |
| Art. 13 | Data Security and Privacy |
| Art. 14 | Direct Data Flows |
| Art. 15 | Cybersecurity Requirements |
Part II — Electronic Commerce in Specific Areas (Carriage of Goods)
| Code | Title |
|---|---|
| Art. 16 | Data Quality |
| Art. 17 | Governance Structure |
Maps to 570 other frameworks
Frequently Asked Questions
What is UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996, updated 2005)?
UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996, updated 2005) is a compliance framework from International (UNCITRAL — 80+ adopting countries) with 4 domains and 18 controls. The UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996) is the foundational international framework for electronic commerce legislation. Developed by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. Adopted or used as a basis for legislation in over 80 countries. Establishes principles of non-discrimination (electronic records not denied legal effect solely because they are electronic), functional equivalence (electronic equivalents of paper-based requirements), and technology neutrality. The 2005 United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts builds on the Model Law. It is used by organisations to establish and maintain compliance with industry standards and regulatory requirements.
How many controls does UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996, updated 2005) have?
UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996, updated 2005) has 18 controls organised across 4 domains. The largest domains are Part I, Chapter II — Application of Legal Requirements to Data Messages (7 controls), Part I, Chapter III — Communication of Data Messages (5 controls), Part I, Chapter I — General Provisions (4 controls). Each control defines specific requirements that organisations must implement to achieve compliance.
What frameworks does UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996, updated 2005) map to?
UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996, updated 2005) maps to 570 other compliance frameworks. The top mapping partners are BS 65000:2014 — Guidance on Organizational Resilience (56% coverage), ILO Nursing Personnel Convention C149 (1977) (50% coverage), CISA Cross-Sector Cybersecurity Performance Goals (CPG) 2.0 (50% coverage). Use our comparison tool to explore control-level mappings between frameworks.
How do I get started with UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996, updated 2005) compliance?
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