Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act
Vermont's comprehensive consumer privacy law, 9 V.S.A. chapter 61A (Act 145 of 2026), effective 1 January 2028: low thresholds (35,000 consumers, or 3,000 for sensitive data or sale), rights including access to inferences, a list of data buyers and contestation of significant profiling decisions, consent and necessity for sensitive data including neural and health data, no targeted advertising or sale for teens, opt-out preference signals, a privacy notice disclosing large language model training, data protection and profiling impact assessments, and consumer health data rules for every business, including a geofencing ban near health facilities. Enforced by the Attorney General. Built from the act as enacted, read in full.
Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act is a compliance framework from United States - Vermont with 6 domains and 45 controls that map to 176 other frameworks. The largest domains are Consumer rights and how controllers answer requests (9 V.S.A. § 2415d) – Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act (16 controls), Controller duties, privacy notice and request methods (§ 2415e) – Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act (16 controls), Deidentified and pseudonymous data; processing under an exemption (§§ 2415h and 2415i) – Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act (4 controls). Every control below carries what it requires and what an assessor expects to see.
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Framework Domains (6)
Consumer health data (§ 2415k) – Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act
| Code | Title |
|---|---|
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415k-1 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415k(1) and (2) Consumer health data only to staff under a confidentiality duty and to processors under contract |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415k-3 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415k(3) No geofencing within 1,850 feet of health care facilities |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415k-4 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415k(4) No sale of consumer health data without consent |
Consumer rights and how controllers answer requests (9 V.S.A. § 2415d) – Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act
| Code | Title |
|---|---|
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415d-a1 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415d(a)(1) Right to confirm processing and access, including inferences and significant profiling |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415d-a2 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415d(a)(2) Right to correct inaccuracies |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415d-a3 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415d(a)(3) Right to delete data provided by or obtained about the consumer |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415d-a4 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415d(a)(4) Right to a portable copy of the personal data processed |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415d-a5 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415d(a)(5) Right to opt out of targeted advertising, sale and significant automated profiling |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415d-a6 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415d(a)(6) Rights after a significant profiling decision: question, reasons, review and, for housing, correction and re-evaluation |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415d-a7 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415d(a)(7) Right to a list of third parties to which data was sold |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415d-b2 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415d(b)(2) Authorised agents and opt-out technologies |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415d-b3 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415d(b)(1) and (3) Requests through the notified means; parents of known children and guardians |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415d-c1 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415d(c)(1) Respond within 45 days, one 45-day extension with notice |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415d-c2 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415d(c)(2) Explain a refusal with appeal instructions within 45 days |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415d-c3 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415d(c)(3) Free once in 12 months; fees only for unfounded, excessive or repetitive requests |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415d-c4 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415d(c)(4) Authentication for access-type rights; no authentication for opt-outs except documented fraud |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415d-c5 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415d(c)(5) Deletion of third-party-sourced data by suppression record or full opt-out |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415d-d | 9 V.S.A. § 2415d(d) Appeal process decided within 60 days with a route to the Attorney General |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415d-e | 9 V.S.A. § 2415d(e) Never disclose sensitive identifiers in an access response |
Controller duties, privacy notice and request methods (§ 2415e) – Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act
| Code | Title |
|---|---|
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415e-a1 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415e(a)(1) Collection reasonably necessary and proportionate to disclosed purposes |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415e-a2 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415e(a)(2) Consent for any material new purpose |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415e-a3 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415e(a)(3) Reasonable data security practices |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415e-a4 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415e(a)(4) Sensitive data only with consent and where reasonably necessary; no sale without consent; children under COPPA |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415e-a5 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415e(a)(5) No processing in breach of anti-discrimination laws; antibias testing evidence counts |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415e-a6 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415e(a)(6) Consent revocation as easy as giving it, honoured within 15 days |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415e-a7 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415e(a)(7) No targeted advertising or sale for consumers aged 13 to 17 |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415e-a8 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415e(a)(8) and (b) No retaliation for exercising rights; loyalty programmes allowed |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415e-a9 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415e(a)(9) Covered businesses comply with the Vermont Age-Appropriate Design Code for covered minors |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415e-c1 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415e(c)(1) Privacy notice with nine contents, including large language model training |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415e-c2 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415e(c)(2) and (4) Publish the notice by a 'privacy' link, in every language used, accessible to people with disabilities |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415e-c3 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415e(c)(3) Notice and choice before a retroactive material change |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415e-d1 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415e(d)(1) and (2)(A) Secure and reliable request means without a new account |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415e-d2b | 9 V.S.A. § 2415e(d)(2)(B) Clear and conspicuous opt-out link on the website |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415e-d2c | 9 V.S.A. § 2415e(d)(2)(C) and (3) Honour opt-out preference signals, even over conflicting settings |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415e-d4 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415e(d)(4) Present financial incentive terms when charging after an opt-out signal |
Data protection and profiling impact assessments (§ 2415g) – Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act
| Code | Title |
|---|---|
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415g-a | 9 V.S.A. § 2415g(a), (b) and (e) Data protection assessments for heightened-risk processing |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415g-c | 9 V.S.A. § 2415g(c) Impact assessment for profiling used in significant decisions |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415g-d | 9 V.S.A. § 2415g(d) Disclose assessments to the Attorney General on request |
Deidentified and pseudonymous data; processing under an exemption (§§ 2415h and 2415i) – Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act
| Code | Title |
|---|---|
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415h-a | 9 V.S.A. § 2415h(a) Duties of a controller holding deidentified data |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415h-c | 9 V.S.A. § 2415h(c) and (d) Pseudonymous data carve-out and oversight of disclosed data |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415i-b4 | 9 V.S.A. § 2415i(b)(4) Using data to detect and correct bias in significant profiling, only under strict conditions |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415i-f | 9 V.S.A. § 2415i(f) Processing under an exemption must be necessary, proportionate, secured and proven |
Processors and controller-processor contracts (§ 2415f) – Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act
| Code | Title |
|---|---|
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415f-a | 9 V.S.A. § 2415f(a) Processor follows instructions and assists the controller |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415f-b | 9 V.S.A. § 2415f(b)(1) to (4) Binding contract with required processor terms, subcontracting after an opportunity to object |
| vermont-data-privacy-and-online-surveillance-act::2415f-d | 9 V.S.A. § 2415f(c) and (d) Role follows conduct: a processor that departs from instructions is a controller |
Your Compliance Coverage
If you comply with Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act, you already cover:
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
4%
3 controls mapped
Compare →Iceland Data Protection and Processing of Personal Data Act (Act No. 90/2018)
4%
3 controls mapped
Compare →India DPDP Act
4%
3 controls mapped
Compare →+ 173 more: Indonesia PDP Law (4%), Iowa Consumer Data Protection Act (4%)
See all 176 mapped frameworks ↓Maps to 176 other frameworks
Coverage is not the same as your position
This page shows what Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act overlaps with in general. Where your organisation actually stands, against the standard you are going for and the certifications you already hold, is a different question. Same graph and the same recorded refutations, scoped to you rather than to a pair.
The Compliance Position Diagnostic, $5,000 fixed, ten business daysWhat is Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act and who does it apply to?
Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act is a compliance framework from United States - Vermont with 6 domains and 45 controls. Vermont's comprehensive consumer privacy law, 9 V.S.A. chapter 61A (Act 145 of 2026), effective 1 January 2028: low thresholds (35,000 consumers, or 3,000 for sensitive data or sale), rights including access to inferences, a list of data buyers and contestation of significant profiling decisions, consent and necessity for sensitive data including neural and health data, no targeted advertising or sale for teens, opt-out preference signals, a privacy notice disclosing large language model training, data protection and profiling impact assessments, and consumer health data rules for every business, including a geofencing ban near health facilities. Enforced by the Attorney General. Built from the act as enacted, read in full. It is used by organisations to establish and maintain compliance with industry standards and regulatory requirements.
What does Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act actually require?
Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act has 45 controls organised across 6 domains. The largest domains are Consumer rights and how controllers answer requests (9 V.S.A. § 2415d) – Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act (16 controls), Controller duties, privacy notice and request methods (§ 2415e) – Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act (16 controls), Deidentified and pseudonymous data; processing under an exemption (§§ 2415h and 2415i) – Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act (4 controls). Each control defines specific requirements that organisations must implement to achieve compliance.
If I already comply with another framework, how much of Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act do I already cover?
Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act maps to 176 other compliance frameworks. The top mapping partners are Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) (4% coverage), Iceland Data Protection and Processing of Personal Data Act (Act No. 90/2018) (4% coverage), India DPDP Act (4% coverage). Use our comparison tool to explore control-level mappings between frameworks.
How do I implement Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act?
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