Hand excavation is mostly used on small, shallow jobs, such as digs of less than 1.5 metres in soft soils. PCBUs must manage the risk of musculoskeletal disorders from hazardous manual tasks (WHS Regulation 60). Workers close together, especially in trenches and small excavations, should be spaced far enough apart that picks and other hand tools cannot injure them. Preparatory drilling and hand drills may raise the risk of musculoskeletal disorders, including those linked to vibration. The SWA code on hazardous manual tasks has more guidance.
The graph holds this control, the 0 it maps to, and the evidence behind each claim, over MCP and REST.