Electric tools: electric power-operated tools must be either double-insulated of an approved type or grounded under subpart K, and electric cords may not be used to raise or lower tools. Pneumatic tools: each tool must be positively secured to its hose or whip so it cannot come loose by accident; pneumatic impact (percussion) tools need safety clips or retainers installed and kept in place so attachments are not ejected; nailers, staplers and similar tools with automatic fastener feed operating above 100 p.s.i. at the tool need a muzzle safety device so a fastener fires only with the muzzle against the work. Compressed air may be used for cleaning only when reduced below 30 p.s.i., with effective chip guarding and subpart E PPE, although the 30 p.s.i. limit does not apply to cleaning concrete forms, mill scale and similar work. Hoses, valves, pipes, fittings and filters may not be run above the pressure the manufacturer rates as safe; hoses may not be used to hoist or lower tools; and every hose larger than 1/2 inch inside diameter needs a safety device at the supply source or branch line that reduces pressure if the hose fails. Airless spray guns atomizing at 1,000 p.s.i. or more need an automatic or visible manual safety that blocks trigger pull until released, or alternatively a diffuser nut preventing a high-pressure, high-velocity discharge while the tip is off plus a nozzle tip guard, or equivalent protection. Abrasive blast nozzles need a valve that must be held open by hand and a support to rest the nozzle on when idle. Fuel-powered tools must be shut off for refuelling, servicing or maintenance, fuel is handled and stored under subpart F, and use in enclosed spaces triggers the toxic gas and PPE rules of subparts D and E. Hydraulic tools must use fire-resistant fluid approved under U.S. Bureau of Mines Schedule 30 that keeps its properties at the most extreme temperatures expected, and component pressure ratings may not be exceeded. Powder-actuated tools: only workers trained on the particular tool may operate it; the tool is tested daily before loading, following the manufacturer's procedure, to confirm safety devices work; defective tools come out of service at once until repaired; PPE follows subpart E; tools are loaded only just before firing, never pointed at anyone loaded or empty, and hands stay clear of the open barrel; loaded tools are never left unattended; no fasteners into very hard or brittle material such as cast iron, surface-hardened steel, glazed or hollow tile, face brick, live rock or glass block, or into a spalled area left by a bad fastening; driving into easily penetrated material is to be avoided unless a backing stops the fastener passing through and becoming a missile; no use in explosive or flammable atmospheres; the manufacturer's correct shield, guard or attachment is always used; and tools must meet ANSI A10.3-1970.
The graph holds this control, the 0 it maps to, and the evidence behind each claim, over MCP and REST.