Pushing is preferable to pulling because it uses less lower back muscle, allows better use of body weight, reduces awkward posture and gives a forward view. Reduce start-up effort with motorised push or pull equipment such as tugs or electric pallet jacks, slide sheets or air-assisted transfer mats, reviewed castor types, sizes and arrangements, trolleys positioned with wheels in the direction of travel, and using leg muscles and body momentum to start. Reduce effort to keep moving with motorised hand trucks and easy-to-operate trolleys, well maintained and adjustable equipment correctly designed for the load, and surface treatments to reduce resistance. Reduce the effort to stop by marking exact delivery places, planning workflow, encouraging gradual slowing and fitting brakes and speed limiters. A trolley removes many risks but loading and moving it still need to be managed.
The graph holds this control, the 0 it maps to, and the evidence behind each claim, over MCP and REST.