HAZWOPER covers five kinds of operation unless the employer shows no reasonable possibility of exposure to safety or health hazards: government-required cleanups at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites (including NPL and state priority sites and initial investigations), RCRA corrective-action cleanups, voluntary cleanups at government-recognized uncontrolled sites, work at RCRA treatment, storage and disposal (TSD) facilities under 40 CFR parts 264 and 265, and emergency response to releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances anywhere. Cleanup sites follow paragraphs (b) to (o); TSD facilities follow paragraph (p) only (conditionally exempt small quantity generators and 262.34 generators are excepted from most of it, but not from (p)(8) if they have employees respond); other emergency response follows paragraph (q). Where Part 1910 or 1926 rules overlap, the more protective one governs. Cleanup sites. A written safety and health program sets out the organizational structure (general supervisor, site safety and health supervisor, chain of command), a comprehensive workplan, a site plan for safety and health kept on site, training, medical surveillance and standard procedures; it is shared with contractors, employees and agencies. The site plan addresses a hazard analysis per task, PPE, monitoring and instrument calibration, site control, decontamination, an emergency response plan, confined space entry and spill containment, with pre-entry briefings and effectiveness inspections. Excavations are shored or sloped per Subpart P. A qualified person evaluates the site before entry and again in detail immediately after; IDLH conditions are identified; an escape SCBA of at least five minutes is carried where respiratory protection is warranted but positive-pressure SCBA is not part of the entry ensemble; Level B is the minimum where hazards are unknown; direct-reading monitoring for radiation and IDLH atmospheres is done where warranted. Site control includes a site map, work zones, a buddy system, communications and the nearest medical help. Training before field work: general site workers need 40 hours off site plus three days supervised field experience; occasional or fully characterized low-exposure workers need 24 hours plus one day (topped up by 16 hours and two days if duties change); on-site managers and supervisors need the same plus at least 8 hours of specialized training; everyone gets 8 hours of refresher training each year. Trainers must be qualified, completers receive a written certificate, and uncertified persons may not work; documented equivalent experience or training can replace the initial training, though workers new to a site still get site-specific training and supervised field time. Medical surveillance covers employees exposed at or above PELs (or published exposure levels) on 30 or more days a year regardless of respirators, respirator wearers on 30 or more days a year, those injured or symptomatic from overexposure, and HAZMAT team members: examinations before assignment, at least every 12 months (up to two years if the physician agrees), at termination or reassignment if none in the last six months, and promptly after symptoms or emergency overexposure; free, by a licensed physician, with a written opinion to the employee and records kept under 1926.33. Controls: engineering controls and work practices to reach PELs where feasible, no employee rotation except for ionizing radiation dose limits, PPE chosen from site characterization, positive-pressure SCBA (or a positive-pressure airline respirator with escape supply) where exposure threatens immediate death, serious harm or the ability to escape, totally-encapsulating suits (Level A) for lethal skin absorption hazards, suits holding positive pressure and letting in no more than 0.5 percent test gas, and a written PPE program. Air monitoring at initial entry, periodically when conditions change, and personal sampling of highest-risk employees once cleanup begins. Drum rules cover inspection, treating unlabeled drums as hazardous, spill kits, buried drum detection, shields during opening, shock-sensitive wastes, lab packs and staging. Decontamination procedures precede entry and are monitored. Illumination follows Table D-65.1 (3 to 30 foot-candles), sanitation Table D-65.2, with showers and change rooms for jobs of six months or more. Emergency response plans (or a 1926.35 evacuation plan) are written, rehearsed and reviewed. TSD facilities need a written program, hazard communication, medical surveillance, decontamination, material handling procedures, 24 hours initial and 8 hours annual refresher training with certificates, and an emergency response program. Emergency responders under (q) work to a written plan and an Incident Command System led by the senior official, wear positive-pressure SCBA where an inhalation hazard exists until monitoring shows less protection is safe, use a buddy system with back-up and a safety official able to stop work, and are trained by role: awareness, operations (at least 8 hours), technician, specialist and incident commander (at least 24 hours each), with employer certification at the operations level and above, and annual refresher or yearly competency demonstration. Appendices A to E are non-mandatory, though (g) can require Level A or B protection.
The graph holds this control, the 0 it maps to, and the evidence behind each claim, over MCP and REST.