Scope: all construction work (construction, alteration, repair, painting and decorating) where employees may be occupationally exposed to lead, including demolition and salvage, removal or encapsulation, renovation of lead-containing structures, installation of lead products, emergency cleanup, on-site transport, storage and disposal, and related maintenance. Lead covers the metal, every inorganic compound of lead, and organic lead soaps. The action level is 30 micrograms per cubic meter (ug/m3) as an 8-hour TWA; the PEL is 50 ug/m3 averaged over 8 hours, and for a workday longer than 8 hours the allowable TWA is 400 divided by the hours worked (40 ug/m3 for 10 hours). Exposure assessment (d): each employer initially determines whether any employee may reach the action level or higher, ignoring respirators, using personal full-shift samples (at least one per job classification per work area) plus observations, prior measurements and symptom complaints. Until assessment shows otherwise, employees doing listed tasks are treated as exposed above the PEL (manual demolition, scraping, sanding, heat guns, power tool cleaning with dust collection, spray painting lead paint, and any task reasonably suspected), above 500 ug/m3 (lead mortar, lead burning, rivet busting, power tool cleaning lacking dust collection, cleanup with dry expendable abrasives, moving or removing blasting enclosures) or above 2,500 ug/m3 (abrasive blasting, welding, cutting, torch burning) and get interim respirators, protective clothing, change areas, hand washing, blood lead and ZPP testing, and training. Monitoring data under 12 months old from closely similar conditions, or objective data (not for interim tasks), may be used. A negative determination is recorded in writing. Monitoring repeats at least every 6 months between action level and PEL, and quarterly above the PEL, stepping down after two consecutive results at least 7 days apart; changes trigger new monitoring. Employees are notified in writing or by posting within 5 working days, with corrective action stated if at or above the PEL. Methods must be accurate to plus or minus 25% at 95% confidence at 30 ug/m3 or more. Compliance (e): feasible engineering and work practice controls, then respirators. Before the job starts, a written compliance program covering each lead-emitting activity, control means, technology considered, air data, schedule, work practices, any job rotation schedule and multi-contractor arrangements; frequent and regular competent person inspections; available to employees and OSHA; revised at least annually. Respirators (f): required above the PEL, where controls fall short, on request and for interim protection; a 1910.134 program; full facepiece where irritation may occur; HEPA filters; a PAPR on request if adequate. Protective clothing (g), for exposure above the PEL, irritant lead compounds and interim protection, at no cost, clean at least weekly and daily above 200 ug/m3, removed in change areas, bagged in closed containers inside the change area, labelled DANGER with warnings that the contents carry lead, may harm fertility or the unborn child and damage the central nervous system, that no one eats, drinks or smokes while handling them, that dust is not blown or shaken off, and that wash water goes out under applicable law; launderers told in writing, no blowing or shaking. Housekeeping (h) by HEPA vacuum, sweeping only if vacuuming fails, no compressed air without capture ventilation. Hygiene (i): no food, tobacco or cosmetics above the PEL; change areas; showers where feasible; clean eating areas; hand and face washing. Medical surveillance (j): blood lead and ZPP testing for anyone exposed at the action level or above on even one day; a full program for more than 30 days in 12 months, with blood tests at least bimonthly during the first half year and then every 6 months, every 2 months while at or above 40 ug/dl, monthly during removal; follow-up test within two weeks of a result at the removal level; OSHA-approved labs; written results within 5 working days; annual examinations if any test in the last 12 months was at or above 40 ug/dl, and examinations on symptoms, reproductive concerns or respirator difficulty; multiple physician review; written opinions; no prophylactic chelation. Medical removal (k) at 50 ug/dl confirmed, return below 40 ug/dl on two tests, with up to 18 months of earnings, seniority and benefits. Training (l) before assignment and at least annually for those exposed at the action level or higher, including the standard and appendices; lead in the hazard communication program. Warning signs (m) in each work area above the PEL: a DANGER LEAD WORK AREA legend warning of harm to fertility or the unborn child and causes central nervous system damage, and forbidding eating, drinking and smoking there; kept lit and clean, with nothing nearby contradicting them. Records (n): exposure and medical records per 1910.33, removal records for the duration of employment, objective data 30 years. Employees may observe monitoring (o). Appendices A to C are informational.
The graph holds this control, the 0 it maps to, and the evidence behind each claim, over MCP and REST.