EU Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA)
Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 (the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation, MiCA) is the EU horizontal regime for crypto-assets that fall outside existing financial-services Union law. It entered into force on 29 June 2023; the e-money-token + asset-referenced-token regime (Titles III + IV) applied from 30 June 2024; the crypto-asset service provider (CASP) regime (Title V) + the remaining titles applied from 30 December 2024. MiCA categorises crypto-assets into three types: (1) asset-referenced tokens (ARTs) - stabilised by reference to multiple assets / currencies; (2) e-money tokens (EMTs) - stabilised by reference to a single fiat currency; (3) other crypto-assets including utility tokens. Title II governs offers and admission to trading of category-3 crypto-assets with a crypto-asset white-paper regime. Title III governs the authorisation + operating conditions for ART issuers including own-funds + reserve-of-assets + custody-of-reserve + governance + conflict-of-interest + redemption-right + significant-ART regime. Title IV governs EMT issuers (subset of EMD2 e-money institutions + credit institutions). Title V authorises CASPs to provide the 10 enumerated crypto-asset services (custody + administration of crypto-assets for clients, operation of a trading platform, exchange of crypto-assets for funds, exchange of crypto-assets for crypto-assets, execution of orders, placing of crypto-assets, reception + transmission of orders, providing advice on crypto-assets, providing portfolio management, providing transfer services for crypto-assets) with prudential + governance + conduct + custody + outsourcing + complaints + conflicts + wind-down obligations. Title VI prohibits insider dealing + unlawful disclosure + market manipulation. Title VII establishes competent authority + EBA + ESMA powers including the significant-token supervisory regime. Titles VIII-IX cover delegated acts + transitional + final provisions.
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Framework Domains (7)
MiCA - Asset-Referenced Tokens (Title III)
| Code | Title |
|---|---|
| MiCA-Art.16_17_18_19_20_21 | ART authorisation - application + assessment + grant/refusal (Articles 16-21) |
| MiCA-Art.22_23_24_25_26 | ART reporting, restrictions on widely-used ARTs and white paper liability (Articles 22-26) |
| MiCA-Art.27_28_29_30_31_32 | ART issuer conduct, ongoing information, complaints and conflict of interest (Articles 27-32) |
| MiCA-Art.33_34_35 | Notification of management changes, governance and own funds (Articles 33-35) |
| MiCA-Art.36_37_38_39_40 | ART reserve of assets - composition, custody, investment, redemption, no interest (Articles 36-40) |
| MiCA-Art.41_42_43_44_45_46_47 | Acquisition assessment + significant-ART regime + recovery and redemption plans (Articles 41-47) |
MiCA - CASP Authorisation and General Obligations (Title V Ch 1-3)
| Code | Title |
|---|---|
| MiCA-Art.59_60_61_62_63_64_65 | CASP authorisation - scope, application, assessment, withdrawal, cross-border (Articles 59-65) |
| MiCA-Art.66_67_68_69_70 | CASP general obligations - conduct, prudential, governance, information, safekeeping (Articles 66-70) |
| MiCA-Art.71_72_73_74 | CASP complaints, conflicts, outsourcing and orderly wind-down (Articles 71-74) |
MiCA - CASP Service-Specific Obligations (Title V Ch 4)
| Code | Title |
|---|---|
| MiCA-Art.75 | Custody and administration of crypto-assets on behalf of clients (Article 75) |
| MiCA-Art.76 | Operation of a trading platform for crypto-assets (Article 76) |
| MiCA-Art.77_78_79_80_81_82 | Exchange, execution, placing, reception/transmission, advice, portfolio management (Articles 77-82) |
MiCA - E-Money Tokens (Title IV)
| Code | Title |
|---|---|
| MiCA-Art.48_49_50_51_52 | EMT issuance requirements + redeemability + no interest + white paper + liability (Articles 48-52) |
| MiCA-Art.53_54_55_56_57_58 | EMT marketing, investment of funds, recovery, significant EMT and additional obligations (Articles 53-58) |
MiCA - Market Abuse, Competent Authorities and Final (Titles VI-IX)
| Code | Title |
|---|---|
| MiCA-Art.117_118_119_120_121 | EBA supervisory powers over significant ARTs + EMTs (Articles 117-121) |
| MiCA-Art.139 | Delegated acts (Article 139) |
| MiCA-Art.140_141_142_143_144_145_146_147_148_149 | Transitional and final provisions (Articles 140-149) |
| MiCA-Art.86_87_88_89_90_91_92 | Market abuse prohibition - scope, inside information, insider dealing, unlawful disclosure, manipulation (Articles 86-92) |
| MiCA-Art.93_94_95 | Competent authorities + supervisory powers + cooperation (Articles 93-95) |
MiCA - Other Crypto-Assets and White Paper Regime (Title II)
| Code | Title |
|---|---|
| MiCA-Art.10_11_12_13_14_15 | Offeror obligations, modifications, withdrawal and white paper liability (Articles 10-15) |
| MiCA-Art.4_5_6_7_8_9 | Offers to the public and admission to trading of crypto-assets other than ART/EMT (Articles 4-9) |
MiCA - Subject Matter, Scope and Definitions (Title I)
| Code | Title |
|---|---|
| MiCA-Art.1_2_3 | Subject matter, scope and definitions (Articles 1-3) |
Maps to 1 other framework
Frequently Asked Questions
What is EU Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA)?
EU Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) is a compliance framework from European Union with 7 domains and 22 controls. Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 (the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation, MiCA) is the EU horizontal regime for crypto-assets that fall outside existing financial-services Union law. It entered into force on 29 June 2023; the e-money-token + asset-referenced-token regime (Titles III + IV) applied from 30 June 2024; the crypto-asset service provider (CASP) regime (Title V) + the remaining titles applied from 30 December 2024. MiCA categorises crypto-assets into three types: (1) asset-referenced tokens (ARTs) - stabilised by reference to multiple assets / currencies; (2) e-money tokens (EMTs) - stabilised by reference to a single fiat currency; (3) other crypto-assets including utility tokens. Title II governs offers and admission to trading of category-3 crypto-assets with a crypto-asset white-paper regime. Title III governs the authorisation + operating conditions for ART issuers including own-funds + reserve-of-assets + custody-of-reserve + governance + conflict-of-interest + redemption-right + significant-ART regime. Title IV governs EMT issuers (subset of EMD2 e-money institutions + credit institutions). Title V authorises CASPs to provide the 10 enumerated crypto-asset services (custody + administration of crypto-assets for clients, operation of a trading platform, exchange of crypto-assets for funds, exchange of crypto-assets for crypto-assets, execution of orders, placing of crypto-assets, reception + transmission of orders, providing advice on crypto-assets, providing portfolio management, providing transfer services for crypto-assets) with prudential + governance + conduct + custody + outsourcing + complaints + conflicts + wind-down obligations. Title VI prohibits insider dealing + unlawful disclosure + market manipulation. Title VII establishes competent authority + EBA + ESMA powers including the significant-token supervisory regime. Titles VIII-IX cover delegated acts + transitional + final provisions. It is used by organisations to establish and maintain compliance with industry standards and regulatory requirements.
How many controls does EU Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) have?
EU Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) has 22 controls organised across 7 domains. The largest domains are MiCA - Asset-Referenced Tokens (Title III) (6 controls), MiCA - Market Abuse, Competent Authorities and Final (Titles VI-IX) (5 controls), MiCA - CASP Authorisation and General Obligations (Title V Ch 1-3) (3 controls). Each control defines specific requirements that organisations must implement to achieve compliance.
What frameworks does EU Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) map to?
EU Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) maps to 1 other compliance frameworks. The top mapping partners are DORA (5% coverage). Use our comparison tool to explore control-level mappings between frameworks.
How do I get started with EU Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) compliance?
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