A project can be split both into phases and into interdependent processes, as a way to plan it, monitor progress towards its objectives and assess its risks. Phases break the life cycle into sets of activities that can be managed, for example conception, development, realization and termination; the processes comprise those that manage the project and those that produce its product (ISO 9004). Not all the processes in this document occur in every project, and some projects need additional ones; it may be necessary to distinguish core processes from supporting ones. Processes are grouped by affinity: clause 5 holds the direction-setting strategic process; clause 6 the resource and personnel processes; clause 7 the processes for interdependency, scope, time, cost, risk, communication and purchasing; and clause 8 those for measurement, analysis and improvement. Annex A summarizes the eleven process groups.
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