Article 44 requires Member States to lay down rules on penalties applicable to infringements of the Regulation. Penalties must be effective, proportionate and dissuasive. Article 44(3) sets the criteria for fixing the level of penalty (nature, gravity, duration, intentionality, recidivism, financial gain, mitigation efforts). Article 44(4) sets the maximum administrative-fine threshold at 4% of the relevant economic operator's annual turnover in the Member State (or Union turnover where applicable) for the most serious infringements (placing dangerous products on the market with knowledge / persistent breach).
The graph holds this control, the 0 it maps to, and the evidence behind each claim, over MCP and REST.