Benching cuts the sides into one or more horizontal steps with vertical faces between them, reducing wall height and securing stability (Figure 9). Battering slopes the wall back to a set angle so the face is at a safe slope (Figure 10), and should begin from the bottom of the excavation. The two methods can be combined on one excavation where appropriate (Figure 11).
The graph holds this control, the 0 it maps to, and the evidence behind each claim, over MCP and REST.