Perfection occurs once the interest has attached and the step the collateral type calls for has been taken; perfection carries over to proceeds and supporting obligations (section 9-308). Some security interests are perfected on attachment alone, among them purchase-money interests in consumer goods, assignments of receivables that are insignificant relative to the assignor's book, outright sales of promissory notes and of payment intangibles, health-care-insurance receivables assigned to the provider, and security interests created by assignment of beneficial interests in certain trusts (section 9-309). Filing a financing statement is the general method (section 9-310) except where the collateral is subject to a federal statute, a State certificate-of-title statute or a central filing statute that pre-empts, in which case compliance with that statute is the equivalent of filing (section 9-311). Instruments, certificated securities, chattel paper, negotiable documents and the three controllable categories can be perfected by filing, or instead by possession, delivery or control; money only by possession (control, for electronic money under the 2022 amendments); deposit accounts, electronic chattel paper and letter-of-credit rights only by control (with the stated exceptions); and goods held by a bailee through the bailee's acknowledgement or a document of title (section 9-312). Temporary twenty-day perfection without filing or possession is available for new value against instruments, certificated securities and negotiable documents and for collateral made available to the debtor for sale, exchange or presentation.
The graph holds this control, the 0 it maps to, and the evidence behind each claim, over MCP and REST.