Applies to all construction work with potential cadmium exposure, such as demolition, hot work on cadmium-painted surfaces, renovation, cadmium welding or brazing, cutting plated steel, installing cadmium products, grounding with cadmium welding, coated conduit, retrofits, cleanup, and on-site transport, storage or disposal. The action level is 2.5 µg/m3 and the PEL 5 µg/m3, both 8-hour TWAs. A competent person (per 1926.32(f)) oversees presence checks, regulated areas, monitoring, PPE, hygiene and controls. Monitoring: before work the competent person decides, from plans, past reports, SDSs, owner consultation and material testing, whether exposure could reach the action level and names those employees. Initial breathing-zone monitoring then follows as soon as practicable (full-shift, per shift, job classification and area, representative sampling allowed if the highest exposed are sampled; higher-exposure tasks sampled separately), unless objective data show levels stay below the action level. A negative determination is written down with data, date and names. Periodic monitoring at or above the action level runs at a frequency and pattern that reflects typical exposure; it may stop after a result below the action level is confirmed by one at least seven days later. Changes trigger new monitoring. Results go to employees within 5 working days of receipt, with a statement and corrective action if the PEL is exceeded. Methods need ±25% accuracy at 95% confidence. Monitoring may be observed. Regulated areas are set up and demarcated wherever exposure exceeds or may exceed the PEL, limited to authorized persons, with respirators for everyone entering and no eating, drinking, smoking, chewing or cosmetics. Engineering and work practice controls must meet the PEL where feasible (engineering controls waived for intermittent exposure exceeding the PEL on fewer than 30 days in 12 consecutive months), respirators fill the gap, rotation is barred. Hot work follows 1926.353 and 1926.354; abrasive saws need emission controls and spray application needs positive-pressure supplied-air protection and overspray limits when above the PEL; ventilation effectiveness is measured, including within five working days of a significant change. Before a job with exposure above the PEL, a written compliance program is set up, reviewed by a competent person initially and after each change, and provided on request. Respirators are required in listed situations, including regulated areas, emergencies and on request by anyone at the action level or higher, within a 1910.134 program with HEPA filters, full facepieces for eye irritation and a PAPR on request. A written emergency plan for substantial releases is required. Protective clothing is supplied free above the PEL or where irritation occurs, changed only in change rooms, bagged and labelled, provided clean at least weekly, repaired at once when torn. Above the PEL, employees get change rooms, showers at shift end, handwashing and lunchrooms kept below 2.5 µg/m3. Housekeeping favours HEPA vacuuming; sweeping or shovelling only after low-dust methods were tried and failed; compressed air only with capture ventilation; waste in sealed labelled bags. Medical surveillance covers employees reaching the action level plus those doing listed tasks (unless under 30 days a year), and some previously exposed employees: initial exam within 30 days of assignment with CdU, beta-2 microglobulin and CdB testing; trigger levels (CdU 3 µg/g Cr, β2-M 300 µg/g Cr, CdB 5 µg/lwb, and since 1 January 1999 CdU 7, β2-M 750, CdB 10) drive reassessment within two weeks, fixes within 30 days, full exams within 90 days, more frequent testing and mandatory removal; periodic exams within one year then at least biennially with annual biological sampling; respirator fitness, emergency and termination exams. Physicians must know Appendices A, D and F. Medical removal benefits last up to 18 months each time; multiple physician review is available. Opinions and results reach the employee within five working days. Warning signs go in and at all approaches to regulated areas, kept lit, clean and legible, with the legend lines "DANGER", then "CADMIUM", then "MAY CAUSE CANCER", then "CAUSES DAMAGE TO LUNGS AND KIDNEYS", then "WEAR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION IN THIS AREA", then "AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY". Containers of cadmium-contaminated gear, waste, scrap or debris carry labels reading "DANGER", then "CONTAINS CADMIUM", then "MAY CAUSE CANCER", then "CAUSES DAMAGE TO LUNGS AND KIDNEYS", then "AVOID CREATING DUST"; installed cadmium products are marked where feasible (the older alternative legends lapsed in 2015 and 2016). HCS coverage of cancer, lung, kidney and acute effects, training by initial assignment and at least annually with a record of program contents, and notice to other employers under 1926.59 apply. Air monitoring and objective data are kept at least 30 years, medical records employment plus 30 years, medical records released within 15 days of request.
The graph holds this control, the 0 it maps to, and the evidence behind each claim, over MCP and REST.