IPC systems and strategies are designed using the hierarchy of controls: eliminate, replace, isolate, engineer, then administrative controls and PPE, with examples such as telehealth, single-use equipment, safety-engineered sharps, spacers instead of nebulisers and placement of older people with infections. Because most risks cannot be removed, risk acceptance is agreed through open discussion and planning, and risk assessments weigh infection risk against the rights and quality of life of older people and the workforce.
The graph holds this control, the 0 it maps to, and the evidence behind each claim, over MCP and REST.