Lebanon Law 81/2018 Articles 15-25 + LB81-2 + LB81-3 Electronic Signature and Trust Services. Article 15-19 Electronic Signature Validity - electronic signatures recognised with same legal effect as handwritten signatures provided meeting requirements: (a) uniquely identifies signatory + (b) created by means under sole control of signatory + (c) linked to signed data in such manner that any subsequent change is detectable + (d) supported by qualified electronic certificate where required. Article 17 Advanced Electronic Signature with PKI infrastructure. Article 18 Qualified Electronic Signature requires Certified Electronic Signature Provider (CESP) authorisation. Articles 20-25 Certified Electronic Signature Providers (Muqaddimi Khadamat al Tasdiq) - Ministry of Economy and Trade licensing + accreditation + supervision + Article 21 minimum capital + insurance + technical capacity + ISO 27001 + Common Criteria certification requirements + Article 22 obligations including verifying identity of subscribers + maintaining certificate revocation lists (CRL) + ongoing certificate transparency + Article 23 liability + Article 24 cross-border recognition + Article 25 suspension or revocation of CESP licence. Aligned with eIDAS Regulation principles + UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures + Arab Convergence + Lebanese Cybersecurity Coordination Committee guidance. Coordination with Lebanese Civil Code + Code of Civil Procedure + electronic evidence admissibility.
The graph holds this control, the 0 it maps to, and the evidence behind each claim, over MCP and REST.