Japan FSA Cybersecurity Guidelines for Financial Institutions JP-FSA-CYB-Vulnerability-Management-Patching-CVE-Risk-Based-Prioritisation-Penetration-Testing-Red-Team: Japan FSA Cybersecurity Vulnerability Management + Patching + CVE Tracking + Risk-Based Prioritisation + Penetration Testing + Red-Team + Bug Bounty + Coordinated Vulnerability Disclosure + Zero-Day Response

Vulnerability Management is a core technical control area per FSA Cybersecurity Guidelines. (1) Vulnerability Discovery: (a) Authenticated and Unauthenticated Scanning - Nessus + Qualys + Rapid7 + open source; (b) DAST Dynamic Application Security Testing; (c) SAST Static Application Security Testing; (d) IAST Interactive Application Security Testing; (e) SCA Software Composition Analysis - open source dependencies; (f) Container + Cloud Vulnerability Scanning; (g) Network configuration assessment; (h) Continuous + on-demand. (2) Vulnerability Intelligence: (a) National Vulnerability Database (NVD); (b) Japan Vulnerability Notes (JVN) JPCERT/CC; (c) JVN iPedia comprehensive database; (d) Vendor Security Advisories; (e) Threat intelligence integration; (f) Zero-Day intelligence; (g) Exploit availability monitoring (Metasploit + Exploit-DB). (3) Risk-Based Prioritisation: (a) CVSS v3.1 / v4.0 Common Vulnerability Scoring System; (b) EPSS Exploit Prediction Scoring System; (c) Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization (SSVC); (d) Business context - asset criticality + exposure; (e) Threat intelligence - active exploitation; (f) Patch availability + downtime cost; (g) Compensating controls availability. (4) Patching Standards (FSA + FISC): (a) Critical Patches - 7 days SLA; (b) High Severity - 30 days SLA; (c) Medium Severity - 90 days SLA; (d) Low Severity - 180 days SLA or risk acceptance; (e) Emergency Patches for active exploitation - immediate; (f) Patch testing in non-prod first; (g) Patch deployment automation; (h) Patch reporting + dashboards. (5) Penetration Testing: (a) Annual mandatory for Tier 2/3 institutions; (b) Internal Pen Test + External Pen Test; (c) Web Application Pen Test (OWASP Top 10); (d) API Pen Test (OWASP API Top 10); (e) Mobile App Pen Test; (f) Network Pen Test; (g) Wi-Fi + Physical Pen Test; (h) Social Engineering testing; (i) PCI DSS + ASV scanning for cardholder data environment. (6) Red-Team + Adversarial Emulation: (a) Tier 3 (mega-banks) annual Red-Team exercises; (b) MITRE ATT and CK-aligned scenarios; (c) Threat-Informed (specific threat actor emulation); (d) Purple Team (red + blue collaboration); (e) Continuous Red-Team for advanced institutions; (f) Cyber Range exercises; (g) FSA-coordinated industry-wide red-team scenarios (Delta Wall + similar). (7) Bug Bounty + Coordinated Vulnerability Disclosure (CVD): (a) Bug bounty programs gaining adoption (HackerOne + Bugcrowd + JIPDEC); (b) CVD policy + JPCERT/CC coordination; (c) Vulnerability disclosure timeline (90 days typical); (d) Safe harbour for researchers; (e) JVN as central coordination point; (f) Disclosure to FSA for material vulnerabilities. (8) Zero-Day Response: (a) Zero-Day intelligence monitoring; (b) Emergency Response Team; (c) Mitigations before patch (network segmentation + IPS signatures); (d) Vendor coordination; (e) FSA notification for affecting financial systems; (f) Customer + counterparty notification. (9) Software Bill of Materials (SBOM): (a) SBOM Software Bill of Materials per NTIA + EO 14028; (b) Open source dependency tracking; (c) License compliance; (d) Vulnerability inheritance from dependencies; (e) Supply chain attack defence (e.g. SolarWinds + Log4j retrospective); (f) Container image SBOM; (g) Sigstore + SLSA Supply-chain Levels for Software Artifacts. (10) Configuration Vulnerability Management: (a) CIS Benchmarks + DISA STIGs; (b) Hardening baselines; (c) Configuration drift detection; (d) Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM); (e) Container Security Posture Management (CSPM); (f) IaC scanning (Terraform + CloudFormation + Kubernetes manifests). (11) Vulnerability Management Reporting: (a) KPIs - Mean Time to Detect + Mean Time to Patch + Patch Compliance %; (b) Risk-Weighted Vulnerability Score; (c) Trend over time; (d) Board reporting on critical vulnerabilities; (e) FSA reporting + self-assessment input. Coordinates with NIST SP 800-40 Patch Management + NIST SP 800-115 Pen Testing + OWASP Top 10 + API Top 10 + MASVS + JVN JPCERT/CC + NVD + CVE + CVSS v3.1/v4.0 + EPSS + SSVC + FIRST + Metasploit + Exploit-DB + Sigstore + SLSA + NTIA SBOM + EO 14028 + CIS Benchmarks + DISA STIGs + MITRE ATT and CK + JVN iPedia + JPCERT/CC + Japan Bug Bounty Council + HackerOne + Bugcrowd. Japan FSA Cybersecurity Vulnerability Management applies.