Articles 15 + 16 of the ITU Radio Regulations establish procedures to prevent + report + and resolve harmful interference between radiocommunication stations. (1) Article 15 Interference: (a) Article 15.1-15.5 - general obligations of Administrations to prevent harmful interference + take all practicable steps to comply with the Radio Regulations + ITU-R Recommendations + standards of good engineering practice; (b) Article 15.7 - non-conformity emissions: emissions outside the necessary bandwidth (out-of-band) + spurious emissions shall be reduced to the lowest practicable value; (c) Article 15.8-15.11 - reporting harmful interference between administrations: (i) the affected administration may report by IRREGULAR EMISSION or INTERFERENCE REPORT to the Bureau using ITU-R Recommendation BS.412 / BT.500 form; (ii) the Bureau forwards to the administration concerned for response; (iii) if not resolved bilaterally, the Bureau provides assistance; (iv) if still unresolved + the RRB may be involved; (v) extreme cases reach the ITU Council or Plenipotentiary Conference; (d) Article 15.12-15.24 - case examples + specific procedures for terrestrial + space + safety + intercontinental services + amateur + standard frequency. (2) Article 16 International Monitoring: (a) Article 16.1 - the Bureau organizes monitoring under cooperation of monitoring stations operated by administrations + private operating agencies and other authorized entities; (b) Article 16.2-16.5 - monitoring stations are organized into the International Monitoring System; (c) Article 16.6-16.10 - monitoring report formats per Recommendation ITU-R SM.1413 + specific data requested; (d) Article 16.11 - Bureau publication of monitoring reports + statistical analysis. (3) International Monitoring System (IMS): network of 100+ international monitoring stations operated by administrations + organisations coordinated by the Bureau + including (a) HF Direction Finding + VHF/UHF/SHF observation; (b) satellite monitoring stations (Leeheim Germany + Tribunj Croatia + others); (c) Spectrum Monitoring System (SMS) + Direction Finding (DF) capability; (d) Recommendation ITU-R SM.1392 monitoring objectives + procedures + ITU-R SM.1413 reporting + ITU-R SM.575 protection of fixed satellite earth stations + ITU-R SM.1138 measurement scientific bandwidth + ITU-R SM.1448 protection radio astronomy + ITU-R SM.1539 frequency tolerance + ITU-R SM.1541 out-of-band emissions + ITU-R SM.1601 spurious. (4) Harmful Interference per RR Article 1.169: interference which endangers the functioning of a radionavigation service or of other safety services or seriously degrades + obstructs or repeatedly interrupts a radiocommunication service operating in accordance with these Regulations. (5) Interference Categories: (a) co-channel; (b) adjacent channel; (c) intermodulation; (d) spurious emission; (e) image; (f) intentional jamming (illegal per ITU Constitution + national criminal law); (g) unintentional EMI from non-radiocommunication equipment; (h) cross-border; (i) terrestrial-to-space; (j) space-to-space; (k) space-to-terrestrial. (6) RFI Geolocation Techniques: (a) TDOA Time Difference of Arrival; (b) FDOA Frequency Difference of Arrival; (c) AOA Angle of Arrival; (d) Power Level analysis; (e) cooperative network triangulation; (f) commercial RFI services (Kratos + LeoLabs + SatChecker + Aurora Insight + ExoAnalytic Solutions + Slingshot Aerospace). (7) Cross-Border + Cross-Region Interference Resolution: (a) bilateral administrative arrangements; (b) regional coordination forums (CEPT + RCC + CITEL + APT + ATU + ASMG); (c) HF coordination via ARRL Region 2 + IARU Region 1 + 3; (d) maritime via IMO + GMDSS; (e) aeronautical via ICAO + ITU-R Aeronautical Mobile Service; (f) broadcasting via Geneva 84/89 Plans + ITU-R Coordination Conferences. (8) Spectrum Management Tools for Interference: (a) frequency assignment databases; (b) propagation prediction tools (ITU-R P-series); (c) interference analysis software (HTZ Communications + ATDI ICS Telecom + SEAMCAT SEAMCAT EMC + Aircom Asset + Forsk Atoll); (d) drive-test + walking test; (e) spectrum analyser; (f) airborne + spaceborne monitoring. Coordinates with ITU-R SG1 Spectrum Management + WG 1A/1B/1C + SG6 Monitoring + Article 18 Licences + Article 19 Identification + Article 20 Service Documents + Article 22 PFD Protection + Article 1.169 Harmful Interference definition + Resolution 671 Use of Monitoring + Resolution 731 Spectrum Sharing + WP4A Earth Stations + WP4B Space Operations + WP6E Broadcasting. ITU Articles 15 + 16 Interference Prevention + Monitoring apply.
The graph holds this control, the 0 it maps to, and the evidence behind each claim, over MCP and REST.