ISO 21448:2022
Clause 11: Evaluation of unknown scenarios – ISO 21448:2022

ISO 21448:2022 11.3: 11.3 Evaluation of residual risk due to unknown hazardous scenarios

Validation must show, with enough confidence, that the risk remaining from hazardous scenarios not yet discovered satisfies the acceptance criteria, with a representative spread of the scenario space across all V&V activities. Methods include robustness validation, architecture and independence validation, randomised and in-the-loop tests, long-term vehicle and fleet tests, tests from field experience, corner and edge cases, comparison with existing systems, simulation over random scenario sequences, misuse tests with naive users, sensitivity and parameter analysis, real-world scenario exploration, probabilistic modelling and validation against ground truth. A rationale shows the selected methods can find hazardous scenarios, test distance and its split across track, simulation and road is justified, additional safety measures protect the public in open-road tests, and re-evaluation follows changes such as algorithm, ODD or policy changes.

Maintained by Gerard Blokdyk

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