ICC Incoterms 2020 (International Commercial Terms) are 11 internationally recognised trade terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). First introduced 1936; current edition Incoterms 2020 (effective 1 January 2020) published September 2019 (ICC Publication 723E); regularly revised on 10-year cycle (Incoterms 1990 + 2000 + 2010 + 2020; Incoterms 2030 expected). Provide globally standardised seller + buyer responsibilities for delivery + risk + cost allocation in international + domestic sale of goods contracts. Apply to physical goods (not services + intangibles). Selection criteria: mode of transport (any-mode 7 terms vs sea/inland waterway 4 terms); buyer/seller relative experience + market power; cost + risk allocation preference; insurance preference; cost of customs clearance + cargo readiness at named port/place; ability to procure carriage + insurance; security obligations; specific named place + port + premises. Contract reference convention: Incoterm 3-letter code + named place + Incoterms 2020 (e.g. CIP Antwerp port Belgium Incoterms 2020). NOT a substitute for contract of sale; Incoterms do NOT address: transfer of title/property + payment terms + currency + breach + dispute resolution + applicable law + force majeure + applicable governing law (CISG + national law apply). Exclusions + variations allowed but require explicit contractual modification + reference. ICC Incoterms 2020 is a COPYRIGHTED ICC publication; this corpus entry captures structural framework + 11 trade term categorisation only, citing ICC as authority; full Incoterm wording NOT reproduced. Coordinates with CISG (UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 1980) + UCP 600 (Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits) + URDG 758 (Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees) + URC 522 (Uniform Rules for Collections) + URBPO (Uniform Rules for Bank Payment Obligations) + WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement + WCO Harmonized System + national customs law.
The graph holds this control, the 0 it maps to, and the evidence behind each claim, over MCP and REST.