GS1 Global Standards - Supply Chain Traceability and Data Security EPCIS-CBV-EventBasedDataSharing: GS1 EPCIS (Electronic Product Code Information Services) and CBV (Core Business Vocabulary) Event-Based Data Sharing

GS1 EPCIS (Electronic Product Code Information Services) is the event-based supply chain data exchange standard answering 4 KEY QUESTIONS: WHAT (which products), WHEN (date + time), WHERE (location), WHY (business step + disposition). EPCIS HISTORY: developed by EPCglobal (founded 2003, merged into GS1 2005); EPCIS v1.0 (2007) + v1.1 (2014) + v2.0 (2022); EPCIS is also ISO/IEC 19987:2015 (ISO international standard). EPCIS EVENT TYPES: (a) OBJECT EVENT - state-change of an individual object (e.g. commissioned + manifested + shipped + received + sold + recalled); (b) AGGREGATION EVENT - associations of objects (e.g. case-pallet relationships + parent-child); (c) TRANSACTION EVENT - associates objects with business transactions (orders + invoices + ASNs); (d) TRANSFORMATION EVENT - input-output transformations (e.g. raw materials to finished goods + ingredients to recipe); (e) ASSOCIATION EVENT (v2.0) - non-physical associations (e.g. instrument-physical-link). EPCIS DATA STRUCTURE: each event captures EPC (Electronic Product Code, often GTIN + serial) + Event Time + Recorded Time + Action (ADD + OBSERVE + DELETE) + Business Step + Disposition + Read Point + Business Location + Source + Destination + Business Transaction List + Quantity List + Source List + Destination List + Sensor Element List (v2.0 - environmental sensor data) + ILMD (Instance/Lot Master Data) + Custom Fields. CBV (Core Business Vocabulary) provides standardized + controlled vocabularies for EPCIS Business Step + Disposition values to ensure semantic interoperability; CBV is also ISO/IEC 19988:2017. EPCIS QUERY INTERFACE: standardized query + subscription API enabling trading partners + regulators + consumers to access EPCIS data; supports complex filtering + on-demand + standing-query + REST/JSON in v2.0; on-premise + cloud + hybrid deployments. ADOPTION: EU FMD (DataMatrix on pharma + EPCIS for verification); FDA DSCSA (US pharma serialization + interoperable exchange by Nov 2024); supply chain visibility platforms (IBM Food Trust + Microsoft Azure + Oracle + SAP); regulatory traceability (food + tobacco + pharma); IoT + sensor integration (cold chain + condition monitoring).