GHG Protocol Scope 2 - indirect emissions from purchased electricity + steam + heating + cooling. Per the 2015 SCOPE 2 GUIDANCE, organizations must report Scope 2 using BOTH LOCATION-BASED + MARKET-BASED methods (DUAL REPORTING). PURCHASED ENERGY TYPES: (1) ELECTRICITY from utility grid; (2) STEAM from district energy or third-party generators; (3) HEATING from district heating networks; (4) COOLING from district cooling networks. LOCATION-BASED METHOD: emissions based on average emission factor of the local grid where energy is consumed; uses regional/national/sub-national grid average emission factors (e.g. EPA eGRID for US + UK BEIS + EU AIB + International Energy Agency for non-OECD); reflects physical electricity grid mix. MARKET-BASED METHOD: emissions based on contractual instruments + market choices including REC (Renewable Energy Certificates) + Guarantees of Origin (GoOs) + Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) + supplier-specific emission factors + residual mix + green tariffs; allows reporting near-zero emissions for renewable-energy procurement; HIERARCHY: contractual instruments > supplier-specific > residual mix > location-based. DUAL REPORTING: companies must report BOTH location-based + market-based; difference indicates impact of market-based renewable energy strategies. INSTRUMENTS QUALITY CRITERIA: REC + GoO must convey attributes + be unbundled + temporally + geographically + technologically aligned + retired + tracked + not double-counted (Scope 2 Quality Criteria).
This control maps to 2 controls across 2 other frameworks. If you already hold one of them, the evidence you collected for it is the starting point here rather than new work.
Every mapping shown was judged rather than inferred from wording similarity, and the ones that failed review are published too. See the coverage reports and what was rejected.
The graph holds this control, the 2 it maps to, and the evidence behind each claim, over MCP and REST.