Ghana Cybersecurity Act GhCSA-Cybercrime-Lawful-Access-Preservation: Cybercrime Offences, Lawful Access and Electronic Evidence Preservation

Ghana CSA Cybercrime + Lawful Access + Preservation (Parts VII + VIII of Act 1038). CYBERCRIME OFFENCES (Sec.80-104): coordinated with Budapest Cybercrime Convention (which Ghana acceded to 2018) + Malabo Convention; criminalises: (a) UNAUTHORISED ACCESS to computer systems + data + bypass-of-access-controls; (b) ILLEGAL INTERCEPTION of transmissions + private communications; (c) DATA INTERFERENCE - damaging + altering + deleting + suppressing data without authorisation; (d) SYSTEM INTERFERENCE - serious hindering of system operation; (e) MISUSE OF DEVICES - production + sale + procurement for use + import + distribution + making available of devices/programs designed for offences + computer passwords + access codes; (f) COMPUTER-RELATED FORGERY + FRAUD; (g) CONTENT-RELATED OFFENCES - child sexual abuse material + cyberbullying + hate speech + terrorist content + revenge porn + sextortion; (h) IDENTITY THEFT + impersonation; (i) RANSOMWARE + extortion; (j) AGGRAVATED FORMS - against children + CII + national security + financial sector. PENALTIES: typically 3-25 YEARS imprisonment + fines from GHS 50,000 to multi-million GHS depending on severity + impact. LAWFUL ACCESS + PRESERVATION (Sec.105-130): electronic-evidence regime including: (a) PRESERVATION ORDERS - rapid 7-30 day preservation of specific data including content + traffic + subscriber + transaction data; (b) PRODUCTION ORDERS - compelling production of specified data + business records + audit trails + subscriber information; (c) INTERCEPTION - real-time + retrospective interception with judicial authorisation; (d) SEARCH + SEIZURE of computer systems + storage media + cloud + 24/7 contact point for international preservation requests under Budapest Convention.