All leaders show every style to a greater or lesser degree, so a leader is described by a profile of frequencies across the range in three dimensions: activity, effectiveness and frequency (depth). The optimal profile shows laissez-faire rarely, passive and active management-by-exception somewhat more, constructive transaction more still and the four Is most often; the suboptimal profile tilts toward laissez-faire and toward passive management-by-exception, with little transformational leadership. The same holds for teams. How often behaviours occur, shaped by what the leader considers important, is what decides effectiveness over time. In the workbook, differences above 0.5 between self and rater scores are worth exploring, transformational ratings above 2.5 with passive management-by-exception below 1.5 read as strengths, and laissez-faire above 1.5 as a weak point.
The graph holds this control, the 0 it maps to, and the evidence behind each claim, over MCP and REST.