Hand-arm vibration from pneumatic and electric rotary tools, percussive tools and petrol-powered tools, and whole-body vibration from mobile plant on uneven ground, platforms, boats and helicopters, increase the likelihood of hearing loss when combined with noise and add musculoskeletal harm; vibration is reduced at the source, along the transmission path and at the point of entry to the worker, and removing the hazard altogether, for instance with remotely controlled plant, is considered. Ototoxic substances (solvents such as toluene, xylene, styrene, trichloroethylene, n-hexane and carbon disulphide; metals such as lead, arsenic, mercury, manganese and organic tin; and others such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, acrylonitrile, organophosphates and paraquat, several absorbed through the skin, plus some medications) raise the risk of hearing loss, especially with noise, in activities such as painting, printing, boat building, construction, furniture making, refuelling, metal, leather and petroleum manufacturing, degreasing, firefighting and weapons firing. Exposure standards for chemicals and noise do not allow for this, so until revised standards exist the daily noise exposure of workers exposed to any Table 6 substance is reduced to 80 dB(A) or below, those workers undergo audiometric testing and receive information on ototoxic substances, chemical exposure is eliminated or reduced by substitution, isolation and local ventilation, and PPE prevents skin and respiratory absorption where other controls are insufficient.
The graph holds this control, the 0 it maps to, and the evidence behind each claim, over MCP and REST.